The Effects Of Physical Activity On Cardiovascular Disease...

The benefits and pitfalls of physical activity in the fight against cardiovascular disease – Evaluate the role of physical activity in preventing cardiovascular disease What is CVD? Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is disease of the heart and blood vessels. There are many forms of disease that are classified as CVD, with atherosclerosis underpinning many of the disease an individual may experience. This is due to the increase in plaque lining the vessels, causing arterial stiffness. This is primarily due to the modifiable risk factors describe further on in this essay. According to WHO (2014) 17.5million people die annually from CVD; it is a top ten leading cause of death in both low income and high income areas. Furthermore, it costs  £6.8 billion to the UK annually, with  £1.8 billion of costings contributed from the NHS; this figure is rising each year (British Heart Foundation, 2014). The most common type of CVD to cause death is ischemic heart disease (46%), usually associated with heart attacks and angina, as the disease causes narrowing of the coronary arteries that supply blood to the heart. Second to this, cerebrovascular disease (34%); impedance of bl ood supply to the brain, causing health issues such as, stroke and transient ischemic attacks. Thirdly, hypertensive heart disease contributes to 6% of deaths yearly; it is caused by high blood pressure, aneurysms and peripheral arterial disease (World Heart Federation, 2016). Researchers such as Levick (2010), highlightShow MoreRelatedEssay on Major Risk Factors for Heart Disease913 Words   |  4 PagesWith heart disease and its risk factors affecting a large majority of the human population (WHO 2012) it is imperative to raise awareness of daily physical activity and the preventative and manageable benefits it reaps against heart disease (Bassuk Manson 2009). Over the past five decades a great deal of data has been collected portraying evidence of the inverse relationship between a sedentary lifestyle and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (Archer Blair 2011). Some examples of commonRead MoreCardiovascular Disease Is The Number One Killer1696 Words   |  7 PagesCardiovascular disease is the number one killer in the United States, causing about 610,000 deaths yearly (Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 2015). Cardiovascular disease is defined as a group of disorders damaging the heart and blood vessels, usually involving the blocka ge of vessels, which in turn harm the heart (WHO, 2015). A 2011 American Heart Association statement predicted that without intervention, 40% of United States adults will have at least one form of Cardiovascular diseaseRead MoreCardiovascular Disease And Lifestyle :852 Words   |  4 PagesCardiovascular Disease and Lifestyle Part One: There are multiple factors that lead to the development cardiovascular disease. While some individuals are born with conditions that predispose them to strokes or heart disease, a majority of people participate in a combination of risk factors that lead to the development of cardiovascular disease. A few of those risk factors include a lack of physical activity, smoking, and poor diet. The more frequently individuals expose themselves to these riskRead MoreCardiovascular Health And Endothelial Function984 Words   |  4 Pagesfactors for cardiovascular disease and causing over 3 million deaths each year in worldwide. In the past 10 decades, there are numerous scientific reports pointed out the relationships between cardiovascular health and physical activities. Based on the US Surgeon General’s report on Physical Activity and Health (1997), evidence from this report shows that more active individual tends to develop less coronary heart disease (CHD) than sedentary counterpar ts. Therefore, regular activities have been provedRead MoreChildren s Participation During Early Childhood Exercise Programs1679 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant part in the development of the human body, both physically and mentally. Regular physical exercise in youth’s plays an important part of their childhood as it has many beneficial health outcomes associated with growth and development connected with adulthood. These health outcomes include increasing production of bone mineral content (BMC), and the decrease of depression, obesity and cardiovascular disease risks. 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A lack of physical activity has been shown to be a risk factor for several conditions. Less active people tend to have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease, high blood pressure, as well as feelings of anxiety and depression (Johns Hopkins Medicine, 2015). Studies have shown the physically inactive people haveRead MoreCardiovascular Disease : A Global Health Challenge That Has Affected Developed And Developing Countries Alike794 Words   |  4 Pages Cardiovascular disease is a global health challenge that has affected developed and developing countries alike. It is the leading cause of mortality globally (WHO, 2014) and in the United States (CDC, 2014). It used to be prevalent in developed countries, however, changes in behavior and lifestyle patterns in developing countries has also caused an increase in the incidence of cardiovascular disease. This is referred to by Walley Wright (2010) as the epidemiologic transition. 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Not only do diseases such as diabetes and heart disease affect individuals and their lifestyles, they also affect the economy, politics, education and the professional work environment. 20-26% of individuals in the United States live with heart disease, and obesity and high blood pressure compose the greatest factors for developing this disease [20]. Studies have shown a direct correlation between the amount of

What Is The Main Character In Fences By Troy Maxson

In the play Fences by August Wilson, Troy Maxson was the main character who is shown as a man who hurts the people who are the closest to him without him knowing it.He acted as an insensitive and uncaring way towards his wife, Rose his brother Gabriel and his son, Cory. At the beginning of the story, Troy feels like he has done right by them. He feels like this throughout the story.He doesn’t realize how much he has hurt them though.†Why you got the white men driving and colored lifting?†(p.9). Troy was also a middle aged black garbage man who feels like he’s held by the white men. Troy was the son of an abusive father. His father was hardly around to raise him.However, when he was around he made Troy do chores and if he didn’t do or†¦show more content†¦Troy always limits his goals in life.†Why you got the white men driving and colored lifting?†Troy feels like he will never admit to anything because he’s a black man living in the white man’s world.Troy’s only idea of success is maintaining a job, having a roof over his head, and having food on the table.That’s his idea of success because them are the only things he has gotten while having a hard life.Troy fences himself where he’s in his own little world where there’s no room for anyone to question him or judge him. Later in the book, Troy’s son, Cory who’s a football player and is trying to get recruited but was let down by Troy.Troy went to the school and tells Cory’s football coach that Cory can no longer play football and not to have the recruiter come to the house.Later that day, Cory finds out that his dad Troy turned down the football recruiter.Cory then becomes very upset because of what Troy did.†Just because you didn’t have a chance! You just scared im going to be better than you that are all.† (p.56). Cory also finds out that Troy thinks CoryShow MoreRelatedThe Movi e Fences Film Analysis1254 Words   |  6 PagesFences is a drama film directed and starred by Denzel Washington, along with Academy Award Winner, Viola Davis as well as adapted from the play Fences by August Wilson. The movie Fences focuses with elements of distrust and change among a working-class African-American father Troy Maxson, works as a garbage collector during the 1950s in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. Maxson’s dream was to become a professional baseball player, but he was considered too old when the league began recruiting black athletesRead MoreThe Movie Fences Film Analysis1202 Words   |  5 PagesFences is a drama film directed, starring and produced by Denzel Washington, along with Academy Award Winner Viola Davis and adapted from the play Fences by August Wilson. The movie Fences focuses with elements of distrust and change among a working-class African-American father Troy Maxson, who makes his living as a garbage collector during the 1950s in Pittsburgh, Pen nsylvania. Maxson’s dream was to become a professional baseball player, but he was considered too old when the league began recruitingRead More Fences by August Wilson Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesFences by August Wilson   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  We all lead lives filled with anxiety over certain issues, and with dread of the inevitable day of our death. In this play, Fences which was written by the well known playwright, August Wilson, we have the story of Troy Maxson and his family. Fences is about Troy Maxson, an aggressive man who has on going, imaginary battle with death. His life is based on supporting his family well and making sure they have the comforts that he did not have in his own childhood.Read MoreThe Interpretation Of August Wilsons Fences By Denzel Wilson724 Words   |  3 PagesWilsons’ play â€Å"Fences† gave the American stage one of the most renowned characters. As Wilson originally writes in the play, Troy Maxson, who is an uneducated sanitation worker and a former Negro League Baseball player is depicted as a multi-faceted tragic figure from the mid-1950s Pittsburgh of Wilson’s childhood. This being the case, in the adaptation of this play, Denzel Washington und erstands the kind of ‘largeness’ portrayed in Wilson’s play and is hence portrayed a shadow that Troy casts over theRead MoreTroy Maxson: a Tragic Hero Essay914 Words   |  4 Pagesof literature, most main characters are all heroes, but they are all heroes in a different way. To me, in order to be a hero, all you need to do is put someone elses life in front of your own, if you can change someone elses life you can then call yourself a hero. Aristotle once said that a tragic hero is one who does not fall into misfortune though vice or depravity, but falls because of some mistake. In the play Fences by August Wilson, the main character Troy Maxson proves himself to beRead MoreThe Symbolic Importance of the Fence in August Wilson’s Fences1179 Words   |  5 Pagesthat the object of the fence in August Wilson’s play, â€Å"Fences† symbolizes a great struggle between the literal and figurative definitions of humanity and blackness. The auth or summarizes the play and uses the character Troy to explain the characterization of black abilities, such as Troy’s baseball talents, as â€Å"metaphoric,† which does not enable Troy to play in the white leagues as the period is set during segregation (Nadel 92). The author is trying to use the characters from the play as examplesRead MoreThe Death Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller And Fences1112 Words   |  5 Pagesachieve success through hard work. The Death of Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson closely hold a relatable pursuit of the American dream. In both texts, the parents and children were torn apart from each other because of their pursuit of the American Dream. This goal (American Dream) tears the families apart because in Fences Cory wants to follow Troy’s footsteps by playing a professional sport, but Troy doesn’t want him to get involved in sports because of he has experienced manyRead More`` Everything Rises With Leadershi p But Falls As A Tragedy 1095 Words   |  5 PagesKem Urmat Prof. Weekes ENGL 140 11/26/2014 Troy Maxson â€Å"Everything rises with leadership but falls as a tragedy,† said Alexander the Great, before his Battle of the Hydaspes, where his army suffered many casualties and marked the end of his military campaign. In history, there have been many downfalls. A few examples, Marcus Brutus was responsible for the downfall of Julius Caesar. Fighting a two front war against England and Russian empires led to the downfall of Napoleon. Many historians callRead MoreParenting Styles and Fences Essay669 Words   |  3 Pages18, 2012 Parenting Styles and â€Å"Fences† Psychology is the study of the human mind and behavior. In psychology there are for parenting styles. They are Authoritarian, Authoritative, Permissive, and Uninvolved. I believe that the best parenting style is Authoritative. This parenting is more involved. They explain rules and punishment. They are open to conversations and questions. Inâ€Å"Fences† by August Wilson we learn that the type of parenting Troy Maxson exhibited was the Authoritarian styleRead MoreSimilarities And Differences Between Willy Loman And Death Of A Salesman1112 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fences written by August Wilson and Death of a Salesman was written by Arthur Miller are two plays that can be considered different in terms of their plot. Both plays have two very different cultural backgrounds. The background affects each protagonist therefore differently. However, there are also similarities beyond the plot. Despite the different backgrounds of each protagonist or main characters, they are both trying to achieve their dreams. They both fail ironically in similar ways

Global Perspectives on E-Commerce Taxation Law

Question: Discuss about the Global Perspectives on E-Commerce Taxation Law. Answer: Introduction: Section two subsections 6(1) of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1936 defines a resident of Australia as a person, other than an organization whose domicile is in Australia, or who has been in Australia, continuously during more than one-half of the year of income (Picciotto, 2007). The section further defines a resident of Australia as a person who is an eligible employee under the Superannuation Act 1976 or is the spouse or a child under 16 years of age of such a person. Ideally, a resident of Australia is an individual who has a permanent home in Australia and was present in Australia for a day in the year of income (Basu, 2007). The person is also a resident of Australia he or she has no permanent home in Australia but was present in Australia for a total of 183 days or more in the year of income or an average of 122 days or more in the year of revenue plus two preceding years. In Henderson vs. Hendersons case of domicile, the Supreme Court considered what was required to establish a residence at law to rule this case. Here, the court set that clear evidence was necessary to establish a change of domicile (Nielson, and Harris, 2010). This appeal of Henderson vs. Henderson arises where the Madison County Chancery Court orders the equitable distribution of Henderson's property after Mary and Howard chose to divorce. In first ruling was held in 1994 where Mary was granted a divorce from Howard on the ground of adultery. During this decision, she was given custody of their minor child, a variety of assets that was valued more than $ 350,000, and alimony of $ 683 per month. Howard, on the other hand, was awarded assets lower than $ 20,000. This Court, however, granted Howard's petition for writ of certiorari, citing that the chancery court failed to classify assets as marital or non-marital. The chancery also neglected to determine marital domicile. On this app eal, the chancery divided the marital estate equally between Mary and Howard and held that they were not eligible for periodic alimony. According to this case of Julie, she did not have a permanent home in Australia. Her year of income was 2016, and she lived temporarily in Australia (Lang, 2014). However, since she was present in Australia for 365 days, she would be considered a resident of Australia in the year of income. This is because she has surpassed the principle of 183 days or more to be considered a resident of Australia. This question, however, tells us that we do not need to find the temporary residency rules. This leaves us with the permanent state of residency that says that one would be considered a resident of Australia if he had an ongoing home in Australia and was present for at least a day in the year of income. With this rule in mind, Julie would not be considered a resident of Australia, as she has no permanent home in Australia. In this case study, only the amounts that were received by Julie in the year of income would be assessed. During the year ended 30 June 2016 Julie, Julie made six transactions. First, she received a salary from employment in Canada before 31 August 2015, which was equivalent to AUD$5,500. Since this amount was earned before 31 August 2015, it would not be included in her assessable income (Picciotto, 2007). Second, she received a salary paid by a fruit grower in Bundaberg of AUD$6,000. Since this amount was received in the year of income in Bundaberg, it would be included in her assessable income. Third, Julie won a $250 prize for winning the annual watermelon-eating contest in Bundaberg. Since this award was earned in the year of revenue, it would be included in her assessable income but taxed on a withholding tax rate of 20%, which is final. Fourth, she received interest on her Australian bank account of $180, which should be included in her assessable income as it was received in the year of revenue. Julie is required to pay a withholding tax on this interest (Basu, 2007). Fifth, she received interest on her Canadian bank account equivalent to AUD$200. This amount should be included in her assessable income. However, since $20 withholding tax had been deducted by the Canadian bank before crediting her account on 1 March 2016, it should not be included in her assessable income. Lastly, Julie received $220 from the sale of excess clothing, sleeping bag and other personal items on eBay before Julie leaving Australia. This amount is taxed at source, and therefore it should not be included in her assessable income. In conclusion, Julie would be assessed on the salary she received from the fruit grower in Bundaberg of AUD$6,000, the $250 prize that she won in the annual watermelon eating contest in Bundaberg, and the interest she received on her Australian bank account of $180. This is because these amounts were realized and received in the year of income and no withholding tax had been charged on the interest she received on her Australian bank account (Lang, 2014). According to the income tax act, if compensation were paid for the loss of business, the compensation would be for the loss of capital asset (Reinhardt, and Steel, 2006, p.1). The income tax assessment act s8-1 states that any losses that are of capital nature are not deductible. However, the receipts for compensation would be deductible under s8-1, as they would be considered as ordinary income. In this case, Ted received $45,000 in compensation for the permanent loss of access to the street at the rear of his business premises. Since this receipt was because of permanent loss, it would be deductible for tax purposes. In this same scenario, Ted was also compensated $15,000 for the loss of profits caused by the temporary disruption to his business. This amount would be assessed for tax purposes as seen in Carpark v FCT (1966). Second, Ted received $50,000 for signing a contract with a clothing company to only stock their brand of protective work clothing (Zelinsky, 2010, p.1289). He was also not to stock any other brand apart from the one stated in the contract. According to re Seagate Technology, LLC, 497 F case, the owner of the patent was required to prove the defendant acted without taking into consideration his actual state of mind and that he knew of the high likelihood of the infringement of the patent. In this case, the court ruled that the Seagate test was unduly rigid and that payment of damages was necessary. Section 284 of the income tax assessment act was also used to award damages based on infringement of the patent (Reinhardt, and Steel, 2006, p.1). The amount of $50,000 received by Ted should, therefore, be included in the assessable income for tax purposes. Third, Ted received a large order from a mining company to supply the companys employees with uniforms where he issued an invoice for $15,000 for the order on 25 June 2016. Since the amount was received on 15 July 2016, it should not be included in the assessable income of the year of revenue ends 30 June 2016 as seen in subsection 25(1) of the income tax assessment act 1936 (Kirchler, Niemirowski, and Wearing, 2006, pp.502-517). Finally, on 28 May 2016 Ted placed an order for $45,000. The goods were, however, shipped on 10 June 2016 and arrived at Teds shop on 5 July 2016. Since the shipping terms were FOB, Ted took ownership, control, and risk of the clothes once they were loaded onto the ship. The goods were loaded on 10 June 2016 while the year of income ended as at 30 June 2016. This implies that the cost of the stock of $45,000 should be included in the assessable income as payment for taxation purposes (Handley, and Maheswaran, 2008, pp.82-94). In conclusion, Ted's allowable deductions would include the compensation of $45,000 for the permanent loss of access to the street at the rear of his business premises, and the compensation of $15,000 for the loss of profits. They would also include an amount of $50,000 for signing a contract with a clothing company, and the cost of stock of $45,000. This is because these costs were incurred by Ted in the year of income and they were suffered to realize the taxable income (Handley, and Maheswaran, 2008, pp.82-94). According to SSAct section 1075 of the income tax assessment act 1997; only expenses directly related to the ordinary business operations would be deductible (Dai, Maydew, Shackelford, and Zhang, 2008, pp.709-742). These deductible expenses would include those incurred while earning the taxable income for the year of revenue or such expenditures necessary for conducting the business with the purpose of earning the taxable income. SSAct section 7(2) states that capital expenditures, investments, superannuation contributions for the partner of the partnership, obsolescence and any donations to charitable institutions are not unacceptable business deductions (Dai, Maydew, Shackelford, and Zhang, 2008, pp.709-742). In this case study, John and Denise incurred business deductions such as a fee to establish the company structure of $1,200, a feasibility study of $660, loan establishment fee of $1,500, and construction cost of the building of $98,000, which was incurred in 2005 by the company that owned that building before DDC (King, and Fullerton, 2010). The firm also other business deduction such as small commercial premises of $450,000, a hydro bath of $900, fencing of $10,000, legal fees of $6,000 to defend itself against the closure notice, veterinary fees of $800, and a donation of $5,000 to the RSPCA. The income tax assessment act 1997 states that allowable deductions are those deductions that are incurred on normal business operations that are they are earned as a result of the taxable income or for conducting business operations for the purpose of earning the taxable income. John and Denise are partners in the DDC business (King, and Fullerton, 2010). This means that they would be taxed on any remuneration paid to them by the partnership. They would also be taxed on any interest on capital less interest on drawings and the share of adjusted taxable income after allowing or deducting salaries, bonuses, commissions, and interest on capital. In this case, John and Denise contributed $100,000 each to the partnership. Interest on this amount would not be taxable in the business, but rather it would be taxed on John and Denise, which means that it is not an allowable deduction for the firm. John and Denise incurred a fee of $1,200 to establish the company structure. Since this amount was incurred to conduct the business to earn the taxable income, it would be an allowable deduction for tax purposes (Spisto, 2008). Second, they conducted a feasibility study at the cost of $660. This feasibility study was used to determine the viability of the project. This means that it is an expense incurred to conduct the business to earn the taxable income. It should, therefore, be included as an allowable deduction for taxation purposes. Third, John and Denise a loan establishment fee of $1,500. This amount was used to acquire a loan of $300,000 to be used to finance the Doggy Day Care Pty Ltd business operations. This amount should, therefore, be included as an allowable deduction as it was incurred to conduct the business to earn the taxable income (Prentice-Hall, Inc, 2008). Fourth, a construction cost of the building of $98,000 was incurred in 2005 by the previous owners of the b uilding. Since this amount was not born by the Doggy Day Care Pty Ltd and in the year of income, it should not be accepted as an allowable deduction. Fifth, John, and Denise incurred $450,000 to purchase small commercial premises. These small industrial facilities were used to conduct the doggy day care. This implies that since they were used to earn the taxable income, they would be included as allowable deductions for income tax purposes (Gurney, 2006, p.259). Sixth, John, and Denise bought a hydrobath for $900. This would be included as an allowable deduction since it was used to conduct the business operations that is bathing the dogs for the purpose of attaining the business objectives. Seventh, the Doggy Day Care Pty Ltd incurred a cost of $10,000 to fence the premises. Ideally, renovation is a disallowable expense as it is not an ordinary business operation. This means that it should not be deducted for taxation purposes (Freudenberg, Tran-Nam, Karlinsky, and Gupta, 2012, p.677). Eighth, John, and Denise incurred legal fees of $6,000 to prevent the closure of company out of the lawsuit presented by the neighbors. This amount is not an ordinary business operation, and it should therefore not be allowed for tax purposes. Ninth, John, and Denise incurred veterinary fees of $800 to prevent a lawsuit by one of the neighbors whose dog got ill. Since this fee is not a normal business operation, it should not be allowed for income tax purpose s (Elliffe, and Yin, 2011). Lastly, John and Denise donated $5,000 to the RSPCA. Since this is a donation to a charitable animal organization, it should not be taxed which means that it is not an allowable deduction. In conclusion, the amounts that should be included in the taxable income are the fee of $1,200 to establish the company structure, the feasibility study of $660, and the loan establishment fee of $1,500. The cost of $450,000 incurred while purchasing the small commercial premises and the cost of the hydrobath of $900 should also be assessed. All the other expenses incurred by John and Denise should not be included in the assessable income as they are not conducted for the normal or ordinary business operations (Hoffman, Raabe, Smith, and Maloney, 2013). According to S 48 of the income tax assessment act 1997, capital gains, the cost of the improvement, PMS fee are held to be deductible expenditure (Desai, and Dharmapala, 2008, pp. 13-30). This is evident in the case of 52 SOT 327 (Mum.) (Trib.). In this case, the assessee earned capital gain from the sale of his ancestral land. He claimed exemption from taxes in according to u/s 54F towards the four flats he had purchased that were to be converted into one residential building. The court allowed the exemption on the basis that the flats were separate and independent residential buildings. The tribunal held that if the requirement of the family of the assessee were met by merging the four apartments into one residential unit, the assessee would be allowed to claim exemption as it would be deemed as a capital gain (Devereux, 2008, pp.698-719). Roy had previous capital losses. In 2010, Roy had a capital loss of $5,000 while in 2014; he had a capital loss of $15,000. These losses are to be carried forward and offset against the capital gains of 2016 (Di John, 2006). Roy has two assets that is a holiday home and a diamond ring, which he inherited from his mother. On 20 April 2016, Roy sold his luxury penthouse apartment for $250,000 in cash, and he also received win a luxury boat that had a market value of $630,000. Roy had initially purchased the house in 2005 for $750,000. During this purchase, he incurred stamp duty and legal fees on the purchase of $10,000 and the sale of $1,000. He also committed council rates insurance of $15,000 during the period of ownership. One way of calculating the capital gains is by taking the selling price of the asset minus the original price of the property (Tanzi, 2014). The price of sale and the buying price must include all fees and expenses relating to the purchase and selling of the holi day home as shown below. The capital gain on the sale of the holiday home would, therefore, be as shown in the equations below. Roy also had a diamond ring, which his mother had purchased in 1997 for $2,500. At the time his mother passed away that is in 2014, the diamond ring had a market value of $5,000 (Burman, 2010). Roy sold the ring for $5,800 on 28 February 2016 at an auction fee of $580. Here, a different technique would be used to calculate the capital gain of Roy. This technique is known as the indexation method of calculation of capital gains. This method is used if the asset was acquired before 21 September 1999 and the asset was owned for twelve months or more. Ideally, inflation is bound to affect the cost base (Jin, 2006, pp.1399-1431). It is therefore recommended that the cost base should be indexed to determine its current value as at the year of income. The indexation factor will be as shown below. The indexed purchase price would, therefore, be calculated by taking the total purchase price multiplied by the indexation factor as shown below. The capital gain or loss would be the selling price of the diamond ring plus the auction fee less the indexed purchase price as shown below. To get the capital gain or loss that would be included in Roy's assessable income, we will sum up all the previous capital loss with the recent capital loss and gain as shown in the equation below. Roy would, therefore, have a capital gain of $105,380, which would be included in his assessable income for the income year ended 30 June 2016 for capital gains tax purposes. This capital gain was realized after deducting the capital losses from the prior periods (Jin, 2006, pp.1399-1431). References Basu, S., 2007.Global perspectives on e-commerce taxation law. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. Retrieved on 29 December 2016. Burman, L.E., 2010.The labyrinth of capital gains tax policy: A guide for the perplexed. Brookings Institution Press. Retrieved on 29 December 2016. Dai, Z., Maydew, E., Shackelford, D.A. and Zhang, H.H., 2008. Capital Gains Taxes and Asset Prices: Capitalization or Lock?in?.The journal of finance,63(2), pp.709-742. Retrieved on 29 December 2016. 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John Muir vs. Gifford Pinchot Essay Example

John Muir vs. Gifford Pinchot Paper Have you ever heard of John Muir and Gifford Pinchot? These two men expressed different beliefs over preservation and conservation. John Muir was America’s most famous conservationist. While Gifford Pinchot was one of America’s leading preservationist. Both of these men spent most of their lifetime defending the natural resources and the wildlife around the world. John Muir is one of California’s most important historical personalities. Born in Scotland, he has been called â€Å"The Father of our National Parks,† â€Å"Wilderness Profit,† and â€Å"Citizen of the Universe. As a wilderness explorer, his exciting adventures in the Sierra Nevada and Alaska’s glaciers led him searching for nature’s beauty. Gifford Pinchot was born to a wealthy family on August 11, 1865, at his family’s summer home in Connecticut. His family was upper-class merchants, politicians, and land owners. His father asked him what he thought about being a forester because not a single American had made forestry a profession. Pinchot had no idea what a forester was other than being in the woods. Since he liked everything about the woods he decided in favor of forestry. He studied at Yale and then furthered his education by attending a French forestry school where he learned the value of selective rather than unrestrained harvesting of forests. John Muir devoted his life to safeguarding the world’s landscapes. He was the founder of the Sierra Club and a major influence on conservation in the U. S. After an eye injury, he decided to turn his eyes to fields and woods. We will write a custom essay sample on John Muir vs. Gifford Pinchot specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on John Muir vs. Gifford Pinchot specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on John Muir vs. Gifford Pinchot specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He walked from Wisconsin to the Gulf of Mexico, then sailed the Caribbean and the West Coast of North America, landing in San Francisco. He began writing about the western wilderness which attracted the attention of famous men of the time. He published many articles and 10 books about his travels. This led to an act of Congress that created Yosemite National Park. He strongly believed in preserving the natural land and taught people the importance of experiencing and protecting our natural heritage. Muir and Gifford had two different approaches to wilderness and the environment. Muir believed preservation was the priority but Pinchot was determined to stop exploitation through a wise use approach of all natural resources. Both men thought management was needed for preservation. They also thought America would fail to meet its future needs if natural resources and the environment were left uncontrolled. Muir and Pinchot were also obsessed with the fury of development. They knew development was necessary but wanted to keep and preserve the forests, mountains, fields, and lakes. Gifford Pinchot was chief of the Division of forestry in 1898. Under President Roosevelt, the Forest Service added millions of acres to the national forest, controlled their use, and regulated their harvest. Roosevelt’s successor, President Taft, did not really care for government ownership of land. This is what divided Roosevelt and Taft and led to the creation of the Progressive Party. Pinchot ran for the United States Senate but did not win. He then changed from national to State politics. His goal was governorship. This is where he believed he would have the greatest opportunity to bring about the reforms he proposed. As Governor, his plans focused on government reorganization and economy, enforcement of prohibition, and regulating public utilities. He was elected as governor a second time but never did win the nomination for election to the United States Senate. His last years were giving advice to the President and writing a book about his life as a forester. John Muir’s words and deeds helped inspire President Roosevelt’s innovative conservation programs like the first National Monuments by President Proclamation, and Yosemite National Park by congressional action. John Muir and other supporters formed the Sierra Club â€Å"to make the mountains glad. † He was the first president in the club, an office he held until he died in 1914. In order to make the mountains happy the John Muir Trust shows that the damage on the wilderness over the years can be repaired. He campaigned for the creation of Yosemite National Park, which Congress approved in 1890. John Muir got the title â€Å"The Father of the National Parks System† from President Theodore Roosevelt because he was a good and influential writer. Gifford Pinchot and John Muir encouraged preservation and conservation of our forests and natural resources. These men have started the process of repairing and keeping the forest safe. They believed in order for the United States to meet its future needs something had to be done. Many articles and books have been written to inform the people of the need to preserve. Without the achievements of this two men America and the World would not have the resources it has today. Their life reminds us of the important things that just one person can do.